The current emission rule in India, which went into effect on April 1, 2021, is limited to roadable CEVs with rubber tyres/rubber cushioning or steel drums, according to ICEMA.

Off-road and off-highway equipment, which account for approximately 30-35 per cent of total construction equipment sold in India, are exempt from these requirements.

Even though the new standards have brought roadable CEVs up to global standards, Indian CE manufacturers' competitiveness remains low.

This is due to unregulated off-highway equipment, which includes crawler excavators, large wheel loaders, wheeled dozers, crawler dozers, large motor graders, tracked pavers, tracked milling machines, and tracked milling machines, among others.

Furthermore, in the absence of off-highway construction equipment governance, end-users are drawn to less expensive, non-legislated machines, despite their high carbon footprint and questionable standards, according to the report.

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